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H03- What is Hydraulic reservoir?

    As name indicates reservoir reserves the the fluid in hydraulic system that means hydraulic reservoir is a container whose main function is to store and supply hydraulic fluid to hydraulic system. In overall it is just a tank the main function is that to store the liquid. It is most simple part of the Hydraulic System. 

   Apart from the main function of storing and supplying oil, there are other secondary function they are.
A. The reservoir acts as heat exchanger that cools the fluid returning from hydraulic system and the waste heat is transferred to reservoir wall then to atmosphere.
B. The reservoir acts as deareator that means it allows the trapped air in hydraulic fluid to rise up and escape and allows the settling of solid contamination at bottom hence allows the conditioned fluid.
C. The cover of the reservoir can be used as a support to other components such as pump, heater, motor, valves etc.

Construction features and main component of Reservoir :



Tank- A hydraulic reservoir which is mainly consist of a tank. The tank which is commonly made of mild steel. the most common shape of the tanks are square / rectangle. The surface of the tank is properly treated to prevent corrosion and rusting.
Inlet and outlet lines - when hydraulic machine is started the oil from reservoir is sucked from input line and after work has been completed same oil is returned to reservoir via return line.
    Since the hydraulic system contains moving parts return line carries metal chips along with some other impurities. 
    The heavy impurities collected at bottom and lighter impurities a floats over the oil so the inlet should be maintained at at-least 50 mm above the tank floor and at-least 75 mm below the minimum level of oil reservoir. 
    Also the inlet and return line s are kept apart and also faces are in opposite direction to avoid direct entry of returning fluid which contains impurities.
Baffel plates- Baffel plates are provided across the tank and in between the inlet and outlet port, to prevent the turbulency in the fluid before entering in the inlet. 
Breather and filler cap- Breather is provided at top surface of the tank, it facilitates to removal of trapped air and moisture inside the reservoir. The filler cap facilitates filling of reservoir with oil after periodic cleaning.
Bottom plug to drain oil- this is lower most part of the reservoir, used during periodic maintenance to drain out oil, Especially to remove solid contamination's from oil.
Level sight glass- it is provided on the outer surface of tank which indicates maximum and minimum level of the tank. The maximum level of the tank indicates the oil level has reached tanks maximum level and minimum level is the indication of filling the tank with the oil, so that the pump should not run dry without oil.
Heater and temperature indicator- Some time hydraulic system makes use of heater and temperature indicator/sensor to maintain the temperature of the system.
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