T01- Introduction to Turning on Lathe

What is turning ?

Turning is a machining process used to generate cylindrical and conical surface by rotating the work piece and with the help of cutting tool.

The machine where the turning process is usually carried on is called as lathe, where a cutting tool is fed against a rotating work-piece.

What is the working principle of Lathe?

The principle of operation is shown in the figure.

Here both the work piece and the tools are rigidly held on the lathe. Then the tool is provided with longitudinal and transverse movement while the work-piece is being rotated at suitable speed.

Basically three type of major surface can be produced depending on the movement of the tool,

They are as follows:-

I. When the tool moves parallel to the axis of rotation of the work piece, a cylindrical surface can be produced. Which is as shown below.

II. When the tool moves at an angle to the axis of the work piece, a tapered surface can be produced. Which is as shown below.

III. When the tool moves perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the work piece, a flat surface can be produced. Which is as shown below.

Apart from the turning and facing operation other machining operation can be carried out in lathe. The important operations that can be carried out on lathe are given below.

Facing, Turning, Thread cutting, Chamfering, Parting, Drilling, Reaming , Boring etc.

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T02- Precaution to be taken on Lathe

Before working :- - Ensure that the electrical power supply is as needed for the machine. Ensure that the safety guards are in proper condition. - Ensure that the work area is clean and tidy. - Ensure that the meshing gears are in proper mesh, and the power feed levers are in neutral. - Ensure that the automatic lubricating system is functioning. During working:- - Shift the levers to change the speeds and feeds only when the rotating parts are fully stationary. - Wear an apron (not too loose) with the sleeves of the shirt folded. - Avoid wearing rings and watches when working. Wear shoes to avoid injury to your feet. - Remove the chips by a hook, and use a brush to clear them. After working:- - Clean the machine with a brush and wipe with cotton waste. - Oil the bed-ways and the lubricating points. - Clean the precision instruments and hand them over to the instructor for safe keeping. - Clean the cutting tools and place them in their respective places. - Clean the area surro

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